First Aid

Your responsibilities, the 10/20 rule, and what professionalism looks like.

What changed in October 2025 — supplementary to the RKS manual you are tested on.

Red Cross 2025 first aid guidelines — launched March 2026, after the RKS manual.

Uniform, gloves, equipment requirements, contamination response.

Why bodies float, what makes salt water easier, drag forces.

Active vs passive drowning, fresh vs salt water, rescue methods ranked by safety.

The VODDO sequence, 30:2 ratio, and the drowning-specific change.

15:2 ratio, 5 initial breaths, and infant-specific technique.

Back blows, abdominal thrusts, and the infant exception.

Scene assessment, ODDO, AVPU, SAMPLE — the systematic approach.

Direct pressure → compression bandage → tourniquet, plus shock signs.

Superficial vs deep, foreign objects, amputations, nosebleeds.

Concussion, skull base fracture, and the knocked-out tooth.

Open vs closed, the open-chest exception, eviscerated organs.

Fractures, dislocations, the PLOD principle for joint injuries.

Rule of 9s, depth assessment, chemical and electrical specifics.

Stages of hypothermia, frostbite grades, what NOT to do.

Chest pain criteria, the GROM acronym, stroke timing.

The four most common medical emergencies you'll see.

Slovenian vipers, jellyfish, weever fish, sea urchins.

Carbon monoxide and chlorine — what to recognise, how to help.

The right position for each condition, and what to tell EMS.

Oxygen, BVM, OPA, AED, immobilisation board.